Thursday, 13 May 2021

Setting up AstroDMx Capture for Windows and Deep Sky Stacker Live (DSSL) to work with each other.

The object of this exercise is to live stack images being captured by AstroDMx Capture for Windows.

The procedure is simple, but it will help to have it shown step by step.

Click on an image to get a closer view

Preparing the ground

This needs to be done on the same date that the imaging is going to be done.

First of all, set up two folders on the desktop (They could be anywhere, but the desktop is convenient). The folders are called Input and Stack Output (You can call them what you want, but meaningful names help).

Launch AstroDMx Capture for Windows.

Then click on Options and Setup Output format.


Change the  Save Folder to Input on the desktop


To set up everything properly we need AstroDMx Capture to save just one file into the Input folder. We have called this file (Object Name) First. The file index will be set to 1. Make sure that the Save Image Sets into Separate Directories remains UNCHECKED Click on OK.

Then click on Capture. The Capture dialogue is invoked. You will see that the Object is called First. Set the Frame Limit to 1.


In the Capture dialogue that has just been set up, click on the Capture button.


This will create a sub-folder labelled with today’s date in the Input folder on the desktop. Within that folder, the captured file will be placed. Because the Save Image Sets into Separate Directories box was unchecked, an information box will appear to remind you of this. Just click on OK in the information box.


The single image called First will be saved in the date-stamped folder within the Input folder on the desktop, and a message will appear saying the the capture is Complete.


If you open the Input folder, you will see that it now contains the date-stamped folder in which the image has been saved. This folder is the one that DSSL will monitor for new files appearing so that it can stack them.


Open this date-stamped folder and delete the files that have been saved there.


The date-stamped folder will then be empty and ready to receive captured images of an astronomical object.



Doing the Live Stacking

When imaging is shortly to begin, launch DSSL and click on the Settings tab.

Click on <Click Here to select the output folder> and navigate to the Stack Output folder on the desktop. Click on OK.


Then Click on Apply Changes.


At the very top  of the DSSL application window, to the right of Monitoring, Click on <Click here to select the Monitored Folder>.

Then navigate to the Input folder on the desktop and the date-stamped folder within it. This is the folder into which AstroDMx Capture will deposit the captured images.

It will be noted that in the settings box, the default is not to start stacking until 5 images are in the monitored folder. This so that when 5 images are available, DSSL will be able to select the best to use as a reference.


When capturing has begun, you can open the date-stamped folder within the Input folder and watch the images arrive. As soon as the first image arrives in the folder, click on the triangular Monitor button in DSSL. As soon as 5 images have arrived in the folder, Click on the circular Stack button in DSSL and the live stacking will begin.

You can then click on the Stacked Image tab and the image will be displayed. You will need to stretch the image using the controls at the top-right of the Stacked Image window until you are satisfied with the appearance of the stacked image. It should be noted that this does not affect the stacked image data and is to optimise the image for viewing only.

When all of the images have been captured then the Stacked image can be saved to file.

DSSL is intended for use in the field to watch the progression of the stacking of captured images. It uses the same stacking engine as DSS but does not have the facility to dark-frame or flat-field correct the images before stacking. All it does is to cosmetically  remove hot pixels.

However, when used in conjunction with AstroDMx Capture for Windows as shown here, advantage can be taken of AstroDMx Capture’s ability to do live dark-frame and/or flat-field correction.

This means that the resulting stacked image can be dark-frame calibrated during the capture process, so it is suitable for further processing.

Live dark-frame and flat field calibration with FITS images will soon be implemented in AstroDMx Capture.

Screenshot of an actual imaging session.


In this case, DSSL was in dark mode. Dark mode is useful for imaging but for this article it was turned off so that the writing would be easier to read.

Just beneath the Stacked Image tab can be seen Click here to save the stacked image to file. If this is clicked then the stacked image can be saved to file.

At the top-right of the DSSL Stacked Image window are the sliders for stretching the Live-Stacked image for optimal viewing.


Friday, 7 May 2021

Live deep sky image stacking with AstroDMx Capture for Windows and Deep-Sky Stacker Live

Deep Sky Stacker Live (DSSL) is a separate module that installs automatically with Deep Sky Stacker (DSS).

DSSL is intended for use in the field to watch the progression of the stacking of captured images. It uses the same stacking engine as DSS but does not have the facility to dark-frame or flat-field correct the images before stacking. All it does is to cosmetically  remove hot pixels. The DSSL manual states that ‘Deep Sky Stacker Live does not have all the features that are needed to create images that can be post-processed accurately’. DSSL is also only able to use the average stacking method as it works with an unknown total number of images (because they are stacked as they are captured). This is a limitation that has to be accepted if live stacking is to be performed. So DSSL is intended for use in situations such as outreach and to satisfy the imager that an acceptable image stack will be producible from the data when they have been collected, as well as producing pleasing on-screen images during the capture process.

AstroDMx Capture is able to capture and save dark-frames as well as a master dark-frame and also capture and save flat-fields and a master flat-field. These master-darks and master-flats can be applied in real-time during the capture process. This means that using DSSL in conjunction with AstroDMx Capture for Windows, the major limitations to producing an image stack suitable for a final post-processing are largely removed.

This imaging session was an experiment to test the use of AstroDMx Capture for Windows in conjunction with DSSL, along with pulse auto-guiding, to produce a pleasing on-screen display of the stacked image as it is added to, and then to post-process the final stacked image to produce a final result.

Equipment used

Windows 10 laptop running AstroDMx Capture for Windows for imaging and DSSL

Fedora Linux laptop running PHD2, multi-star pulse auto-guiding

Celestron AVX GOTO mount.

SVBONY SV165 Guide-scope D=30mm F=120mm.

SVBONY SV305 camera for pulse auto-guiding.

Bresser Messier-AR-102-xs/460 ED, f/4.5 refractor modified for motor focus. 

ZWO ASI178MC CMOS OSC, USB3.0, 14-bit imaging camera.

JJC DHS-1 USB Lens Heater Strip Dew Remover on the imaging scope and the guide scope.

AstroDMx Capture for Windows was used to capture 30 x 1 minute exposures of M3 and 30 x 1 minute exposures of M5, real-time corrected with an AstroDMx Capture generated master dark-frame. DSSL running alongside AstroDMx Capture for Windows was used to monitor the folder into which AstroDMx Capture was saving the images, and to live-stack them as they were captured.

AstroDMx Capture for Windows was set up to save data to a folder that had been created earlier.

DSSL was set to monitor this folder and to start stacking after 5 images had been captured. (This allows DSSL to determine the best quality image to use as the reference frame for the stacking, before the stacking starts)

Click on an image to get a closer view

Screenshot of guiding whilst gathering the data on M3


Screenshot of AstroDMx Capture capturing the M3 data and DSSL stacking the captured data and showing the stacked image.


The data were post processed in the Gimp 2.10 and Topaz AI sharpener (which also reduced noise)  to produce the final image.

M3 Globular cluster





Screenshot of pulse auto-guiding whilst gathering the data on M5, the Rose cluster.


Screenshot of AstroDMx Capture capturing the M5 data and DSSL stacking the captured data and showing the stacked image.


The data were post processed in the Gimp 2.10 and Topaz AI sharpener to produce the final image.

M5 The Rose globular cluster


The experiment was a success and demonstrates that it is possible to use DSSL in conjunction with AstroDMx Capture for Windows to produce pleasing images of the stacked image, and to save it in a form that is suitable for post-processing.



Tuesday, 27 April 2021

New Feature Release (Version 0.88.2) of AstroDMx Capture for Linux, macOS and Windows

New Feature Release of AstroDMx Capture

Feature release of AstroDMx Capture for All platforms

Version 0.88.2

Mutatis Mutandis.




The new version can be downloaded from https://www.astrodmx-capture.org.uk

Nicola has made a feature release of AstroDMx Capture on all platforms: Version 0.88.2


The following have been added to AstroDMx Capture

Capture profiles (all camera parameters can be named and saved in a profile, except cooling and histogram configurations). The profiles can be reloaded by the user for re-use if required.

Font size function (Small (default), medium, large, largest).

Exposure cancellation button.

Option to show camera units (either percentages (default) or camera native). This is represented in the text box to the right of the sliders, in the capture log and metadata.

Start and end capture times in the capture log are now zero padded (example: previously, if the date was 3 January 2021 the date would have been written 2021/1/3, it is now written 2021/01/03. Times work in a similar way. Example, the time midnight is now written 00:00:00 instead of 0:0:0).


The following issues have been fixed

Off-by-one for capture time displayed in the log.

Atik binning bug.


The following components have been updated

QHY SDK

ZWO SDK

SVBONY SDK

libgphoto


Additional implemented cameras confirmed working:

Canon 7D, 6D and 5D models

QHY5P-II-C

QHY5P-II-M

Atik 314E (Colour and Greyscale)


The Scale of the AstroDMx Capture project

The code for AstroDMx Capture now exceeds 62 KLOCS (Thousands of lines of source code, not including internal documentation and camera SDKs). Some lines of code require more than one physical line to contain them. 

To put this in an understandable and realistic perspective: 
The book 'iWoz', the autobiography of Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple, is a fairly typical book in terms of size, if not content. It has 30 lines of text per page and 342 pages.

Therefore, to contain all of the lines of source code in AstroDMx Capture would require a minimum of at least 6 volumes, each the size of 'iWoz'. If the lines of internal documentation are included, more than 7 volumes would be required.

Computer code, in this case mainly C++ is by no means easy to read (even by the person who has written it) sometimes it can be many months or even years before a given segment of code is re-visited. Internal documentation comprises comments within the code that explain how the code is working so that the programmer can more easily understand the code and how it works. Adequate internal documentation is, therefore essential for the maintenance of any long-term coding project, particularly when it grows to the size of AstroDMx Capture.

Today Fedora Linux has been upgraded to Version 34.
On some installations of Fedora 34, AstroDMx Capture fails to start. In order to fix this, simply remove libstdc++.so.6 from /usr/local/AstroDMx_Capture/lib  
Nicola will make a maintenance release to fix this problem in due course.

Tuesday, 20 April 2021

Multi-star pulse-guiding using a SVBONY SV165 Guide-scope and a SVBONY SV305 camera for pulse-guiding under Linux

Although there is a full implementation for the SV305 and SV305PRO in the PHD2 codebase; when compiling on Linux this code is not built. Nicola modified the PHD2 source to overcome this limitation and then compiled and linked against the SVBONY SDK.  This allowed PHD2 on Linux to fully control the SV305 camera via a direct implementation. That is to say, the camera was controlled directly via the SDK and not via an INDI interface. An INDI server was used only to control the mount, not to control the guide-camera.

Equipment used

Fedora Linux laptop running AstroDMx Capture for Linux for imaging.

Fedora Linux laptop running PHD2, multi-star pulse auto-guiding

Celestron AVX GOTO mount.

SVBONY SV165 Guide-scope D=30mm F=120mm.

SVBONY SV305 camera for pulse-guide.

Bresser Messier-AR-102-xs/460 ED, f/4.5 refractor modified for motor focus. 

ZWO ASI178MC CMOS OSC, USB3.0, 14-bit imaging camera.

JJC DHS-1 USB Lens Heater Strip Dew Remover on the imaging scope and the guide scope.

AstroDMx Capture for Linux was used to capture 14 x 3 minute exposures of M3 with matching dark frames. Bias frames were also captured.

Click on an image to get a closer view

Screenshot of AstroDMx Capture for Linux capturing data on M3


Screenshot of PHD2 multi-star pulse auto-guiding with the SV305 camera

The SVBONY functionality in PHD2 under Linux worked very well which proves all that is required for regular adoption of pulse-guiding with the SV305 and SV305PRO is for the developers of PHD2 to activate the SVBONY implementation by default under Linux. 

SV305 camera mounted as the pulse-guide camera on the SV165 guide-scope

The final image of M3


Monday, 12 April 2021

First light for an old Atik 320E OSC CCD camera with AstroDMx Capture.

Equipment used

Macbook Air laptop running AstroDMx Capture for macOS for all imaging.

Fedora Linux laptop running PHD2, multi-star pulse auto-guiding.

Celestron AVX GOTO mount.

SVBONY SV165 Guide-scope D=30mm F=120mm.

Bresser Messier-AR-102-xs/460 ED, f/4.5 refractor modified for motor focus. 

QHY 5L-II-M guide camera.

Atik 314E OSC, cooled 16-bit CCD imaging camera.

JJC DHS-1 USB Lens Heater Strip Dew Remover on the imaging scope and the guide scope.


Objects for imaging

Globular cluster M3

The hamburger galaxy NGC3628

Click on an image to get a closer view

The imaging equipment


An INDI server was run with PHD2 on the Fedora Linux laptop to do multi-star, pulse auto-guiding

Screenshot of PHD2 multi-star, pulse auto-guiding


Multi-star PHD2 auto-guiding was used during the capture of the M3 and NGC3628 data.

AstroDMx Capture for macOS was used to capture 10 x 2min FITS exposures of M3 with matching dark-frames using the Atik 314E OSC CCD camera. Bias frames and flat-fields were also used.

Screenshot of AstroDMx Capture for macOS capturing images of M3


The images were stacked in Deep Sky Stacker using dark frames, bias frames and flat-fields, and post processed in Affinity Photo, The Gimp 2.10, Neat Image and Topaz Sharpen AI.

Click on the image to get a closer view.

Globular cluster M3




Three 10 minute FITS exposures were captured of NGC3628, the Hamburger galaxy along with matching dark-frames and bias frames. Flat-fields were also used. The imaging session was plagued with clouds which is why only 30 minutes of exposures were captured.

Screenshot of AstroDMx Capture for macOS capturing data on NGC3628


The images were stacked in Affinity Photo using dark frames, bias frames and flat-fields, and post processed in Affinity Photo, The Gimp 2.10, Neat Image and Topaz Sharpen AI.

Click on the image to get a closer view.

NGC3628, the Hamburger galaxy



The old Atik 314E OSC camera worked well with AstroDMx Capture and the Bresser Messier-AR-102-xs/460 ED, f/4.5 refractor. Future imaging sessions will use a UV/IR cut filter, as one is not fitted as standard to this camera.


Tuesday, 6 April 2021

Multi-star PHD2 auto-guiding, AstroDMx Capture for Linux; Atik 314L mono cooled CCD camera and M51

Equipment used

Xubuntu laptop running AstroDMx Capture for Linux.

Fedora Linux laptop running PHD2, multi-star pulse auto-guiding.

Skywatcher HEQ5 GOTO mount.

SVBONY SV165 Guide-scope D=30mm F=120mm.

Eklipse Ekinox ED F=440mm, 80mm, f/5.5 refractor. 

QHY 5L-II-M guide camera.

Atik 314L mono, cooled 16-bit CCD imaging camera.

JJC DHS-1 USB Lens Heater Strip Dew Remover.


Object for imaging

M51, the Whirlpool galaxy.


The imaging kit


The imaging kit, Fedora auto-guiding laptop and Xubuntu imaging laptop


An INDI server was run with PHD2 on the Fedora Linux laptop to do multi-star, pulse auto-guiding

Screenshot of PHD2 multi-star, pulse auto-guiding


Multi-star PHD2 auto-guiding was used during the capture of the M51 data.

AstroDMx Capture for Linux was used to capture 10 x 10min FITS exposures of M51 with matching dark-frames using the Atik 314L CCD camera. 

Screenshot of AstroDMx Capture for Linux capturing images of M51


The images were stacked in Deep Sky Stacker using dark frames and flat-fields, and post processed in Affinity Photo, The Gimp 2.10 and Neat Image.

M51


With the Skywatcher HEQ5 GOTO mount, PHD multi-star auto-guiding produced good results with no movement between or within images.

The use of flat-fields was very important because there is significant variation in the sensitivity of different regions of the CCD sensor in this old CCD camera.

The master-flat derived from 50 flat-fields

The dark regions are easily visible in this partially stretched master-flat. Using the flat-fields to calibrate the captured data eliminates the sensitivity variation in the stacked image.


Monday, 5 April 2021

Multi-star PHD2 pulse auto-guiding, AstroDMx Capture for macOS; ZWO ASI178MC 14-bit uncooled CMOS camera. Clusters and galaxies.

Equipment used

Macbook Air running AstroDMx Capture for macOS.

Fedora Linux laptop running PHD2, multi-star pulse auto-guiding, and also, when required, Stellarium.

Celestron AVX GOTO mount.

SVBONY SV165 Guide-scope D=30mm F=120mm.

Eklipse Ekinox ED F=440mm, 80mm, f/5.5 refractor. 

QHY 5L-II-M guide camera.

ZWO ASI178MC uncooled CMOS (USB3.0, 14 bit ADC) imaging camera.

JJC DHS-1 USB Lens Heater Strip Dew Remover.

Objects for imaging

M48 open cluster.

Part of Markarian’s chain of galaxies.

M3 globular cluster

The imaging kit


An INDI server was running on the Fedora Linux laptop to control the mount via the handset. Stellarium was used to select the objects to be imaged and to send the mount to the objects.

Screenshot of the Stellarium INDI server setup


Screenshot of Stellarium + INDI aquiring a target


The INDI server was then run with PHD2 on the Fedora Linux laptop to do multi-star, pulse auto-guiding

Screenshot of PHD2 multi-star, pulse auto-guiding


Multi-star PHD2 auto-guiding was used during the capture of all three objects in this imaging session.

AstroDMx Capture for macOS was used to capture 20 x 180s FITS exposures of the open cluster M48 with matching dark-frames using the ZWO ASI178MC camera. 

Screenshot of AstroDMx Capture for macOS capturing images of M48


The images were stacked in Affinity Photo and the resulting image post processed in Affinity Photo and the Gimp 2.10.

M48


AstroDMx Capture for macOS was used to capture 12 x 5min FITS exposures with matching dark-frames, of part of Markarian’s chain of galaxies. 

Screenshot of AstroDMx Capture for macOS capturing data on Markarian’s Chain


The images were stacked in Deep Sky Stacker, and post processed in Affinity Photo, The Gimp 2.10 and Neat Image.

Part of Markarian’s Chain


AstroDMx Capture for macOS was used to capture 15 x 100s FITS exposures, with matching dark-frames of the globula cluster M3. 

Screenshot of AstroDMx Capture for macOS capturing FITS images of M3


The images were stacked in Deep Sky Stacker, and post processed in Affinity Photo, The Gimp 2.10 and Neat Image.

M3

With the Celestron AVX mount, PHD multi-star auto-guiding produced good results with no movement between or within images.

The ZWO ASI178MC colour camera performed well and AstroDMx Capture for macOS delivered good data.


Wednesday, 31 March 2021

Experimenting with multi-star pulse auto-guiding using a Fedora Linux computer running an Indi server running a Celestron mount driver.

A William Optics ZenithStar 66 SD Apochromatic refractor with an  Atik 314L mono CCD camera at the focus, was mounted on a Celestron AVX mount, by the side of a 50mm guidescope fitted with a QHY 5L-II-M guide camera.

A Linux computer running PHD2 and an Indi server running a Celestron mount driver was used to do muti-star pulse guiding. This method of auto-guiding gives better control over the mount than ST4 guiding or pulse guiding with a single star. The effects of seeing are averaged out over the set of stars chosen by PHD2, allowing shorter guide-camera exposures to be used without ‘chasing the seeing’

Using AstroDMx Capture for macOS, 10 x 3 minute FITS exposures of M44, the Beehive cluster were made and stacked in Deep Sky Stacker with flat-fields and matching dark-frames.

Screenshot from the Fedora Linux computer doing multi-star pulse guiding.

M44, the Beehive Cluster


Multi-star auto-guiding was introduced into PHS2 in December 2020, and should improve the guiding process.

We have shown here that Multi-star auto-guiding using a Linux computer running an Indi server and imaging using AstroDMx Capture for macOS was a good working combination. However, any combination of Linux, macOS and Windows for PHD2 auto-guiding and AstroDMx Capture imaging can be used.

Thursday, 18 March 2021

Autoguided data on the Christmas Tree cluster and nebula, and the Leo triplet of galaxies

A William Optics Zenithstar 66, apochromatic refractor was mounted on an aluminium plate at the side of a short guidescope with a QHY 5L-II M monochrome CMOS camera which was attached by the ST4 guideport to the Autoguiding port of the Celestron AVX mount on which everything was mounted. The PHD2 auto-guiding was done with a Fedora Linux Laptop.

A ZWO ASI178MC  14-bit CMOS colour camera was placed at the focus of the apochromatic refractor.

The AVX mount was slewed to Rigel so that a Bahtinov mask could be used to achieve optimum focus.

Screenshot of AstroDMx Capture for macOS showing the Bahtinov mask focusing of Rigel.


After focusing, the mount was slewed to the Christmas tree cluster for guiding and imaging.

There was only opportunity to capture 4 x 7min FITS exposures of the Christmas Tree Cluster before it moved into an unfavourable position .

The images were dark-frame corrected and Stacked in Affinity Photo, and post processed in Affinity Photo, The Gimp 2.10, FastStone and Neat Image.

The Christmas Tree cluster and nebula.



The scope was slewed to the Leo Triplet of galaxies and PHD2 auto-guiding commenced, using a Fedora Linux laptop.

12 x 5 minute auto-guided FITS exposures of the Leo Triplet were captured by Astrodmx Capture for macOS with matching dark-frames.

The images were tacked in Affinity Photo and post processed in Affinity Photo, the Gimp 2.10, Fitswork4 and Neat Image.

The Leo Triplet galaxies


ST4 PHD2 auto-guiding worked fine in Linux. Pulse guiding will soon be tested with a variety of guide cameras.
Meanwhile some features and SDK changes are being made to AstroDMx Capture on all platforms and will shortly be incorporated into another release of the software.